The commander's intent and vision of resolution, expressed as LLOs, describe the design for a COIN
operation. Commanders and staffs synchronize activities along all LLOs to gain unity of effort. This approach ensures the LLOs converge on a well−defined, commonly understood end state.
5−11. LLOs are directly related to one another. They connect objectives that, when accomplished, support achieving the end state. Operations designed using LLOs typically employ an extended, event−driven time−
line with short−, mid−, and long−term goals. These operations combine the effects of long−term operations, such as neutralizing the insurgent infrastructure, with cyclic and short−term events, like regular trash collection and attacks against insurgent bases. (See figure 5−2.)
Figure 5−2. Example goals and objectives along logical lines of operations 5−12. Commanders determine which LLOs apply to their AO and how the LLOs connect with and support one another. For example, commanders may conduct offensive and defensive operations to form a shield behind which simultaneous stability operations can maintain a secure environment for the populace.
Accomplishing the objectives of combat operations/civil security operations sets the conditions needed to achieve essential services and economic development objectives. When the populace perceives that the environment is safe enough to leave families at home, workers will seek employment or conduct public economic activity. Popular participation in civil and economic life facilitates further provision of essential services and development of greater economic activity. Over time such activities establish an environment 109
The U.S. Army and Marine Corps Counterinsurgency Field Manual that attracts outside capital for further development. Neglecting objectives along one LLO risks creating vulnerable conditions along another that insurgents can exploit. Achieving the desired end state requires linked successes along all LLOs.
5−13. The relationship of LLOs to the overall operation is similar to the stands of a rope. (See figure 5−3.) Each LLO is a separate string. Operations along it cannot accomplish all objectives required for success in a COIN operation. However, a strong rope is created when strands are woven together. The overall COIN effort is further strengthened through IO, which support and enhance operations along all LLOs by highlighting the successes along each one.
Figure 5−3. The strengthening effect of interrelated logical lines of operations 5−14. LLOs help commanders identify missions, assign tasks, allocate resources, and assess operations.
Commanders specify the LLO that is the decisive operation; others shape the operational environment for the decisive operation's success. This prioritization usually changes as COIN operations create insurgent vulnerabilities, insurgents react or adjust their activities, or the environment changes. In this sense, commanders adapt their operations not only to the state of the insurgency, but also to the environment's overall condition. Greater stability indicates progress toward the end state.
5−15. Well−designed operations are based on LLOs that are mutually supportive between echelons and adjacent organizations. For example, similar LLOs among brigade combat teams produce complementary effects, while brigade−level accomplishments reinforce achievement of division objectives. LLOs are normally used at brigade and higher levels, where the staff and unit resources needed to use them are available; however, battalions can use LLOs. Commanders at various levels may expect subordinates to describe their operations in these terms.
5−16. Commanders at all levels should select the LLOs that relate best to achieving the desired end state in accordance with the commander's intent. The following list of possible LLOs is not all inclusive. However, it gives commanders a place to start:
Conduct information operations.
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Conduct combat operations/civil security operations.
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Train and employ HN security forces.
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Establish or restore essential services.
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Support development of better governance.
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Support economic development.
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